President
William McKinley
Declaration of War
April 25, 1898
Declaration of War
April 25, 1898
WAR
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND SPAIN, MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES, TRANSMITTING, COPIES OF CORRESPONDENCE RECENTLY HAD WITH THE
REPRESENTATIVE OF SPAIN IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE UNITED STATES MINISTER AT
MADRID, AND THROUGH THE LATTER WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF SPAIN, SHOWING THE ACTION
TAKEN UNDER THE JOINT RESOLUTION APPROVED APRIL, 20 , 1896, Referred to the committee on Foreign Affairs
and ordered to be printed – April 25, 1898, House of Representatives, 55th Congress, 2nd
Session, Document N. 428, Washington:
GPO, 1898, 5 ¾ x 9 inches, 10 pp.;
issued as 55th Congress, 2d Session, light extraction, disbound,
The document begins with President McKinley’s
Declaration of War letter, dated April 25 1898:
To the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America:
I transmit to the Congress for its
consideration and appropriate action, copies of correspondence recently had
with the representative of Spain in the United States, with the United States
minister at Madrid, and through the latter with the Government of Spain,
showing the action taken under the joint resolution approved April 20, 1898,
"for the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding
that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and Government in the
island of Cuba, and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban
waters, and directing the President of the United States to use the land and
naval forces of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect."
Upon communicating to the Spanish minister in
Washington the demand which it became the duty of the Executive to address to
the Government of Spain in obedience, to said resolution, the minister asked
for his passports and withdrew. The
United States minister at Madrid was in turn notified by the Spanish minister
for foreign affairs that the withdrawal of the Spanish representative from the
United States had terminated diplomatic relations between the two countries,
and that all official communications between their respective representatives
ceased therewith.
I commend to your especial attention the note
addressed to the United States minister at Madrid by, the Spanish minister of
foreign affairs on the 21st instant, whereby the foregoing notification was
conveyed. It will be perceived therefrom
that the Government of Spain, having cognizance of the joint resolution of the
United States Congress, and in view of the things which the President is thereby
required and authorized to do, responds by treating the reasonable demands of
this Government as measures of hostility, following with that instant and
complete severance of relations by its action which by the usage of nations
accompanies an existent state of war between sovereign powers.
The position of Spain being thus made known,
and the demands of the United States being denied, with a complete rupture of
intercourse, by the act of Spain, I have been constrained, in the exercise of
the power conferred upon me by the joint resolution aforesaid, to proclaim,
under date of April 22, 1898, a blockade of certain ports of the north coast of
Cuba, between Cardenas and Bahia Honda, and the port of Cienfugos, on the south
coast of Cuba, and to issue my proclamation dated April 23, 1898, calling forth
volunteers.
I
now recommend the adoption of a joint resolution declaring that a state of war
exists between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, that the
definition of the international status of the United States as a belligerent
power may be made known and the assertion of all its rights in the conduct of a
public war may be assured.
WILLIAM McKINLEY
EXECUTIVE MANSION,
Washington, April 25th, 1898
Washington, April 25th, 1898
List of Correspondence
1.
Telegram
to Woodford, April 14. House resolution
2.
Telegram
to Woodford, April 17. Senate resolution
3.
Telegram
to Woodford, April 19. Resolution passed
4.
Telegram from
Woodford, April 20. Prepare to withdraw
5.
Telegram to
Woodford, April 20. Ultimatum
6.
Note to
Mr. Polo, communicating Ultimatum etc.
7.
Note from Mr.
Polo in reply, demanding passports
8.
Note to
Mr. Polo in reply, inclosing passports
9.
Telegram
to Woodford, April 20. Spanish Minister’s departure. Mr. Woodford directed to remain until
expiration of ultimatum unless passports handed to him.
10.
Telegram from
Woodford, April 21. Departure
11.
Telegram from
Woodford, April 21. Text Spanish Note
12.Telegram from Woodford, April 21. Reply to Spanish
Note
13.Proclamation, April 22, 1898. Blockade of Cuba
14.Proclamation, April 22, 1898. Call for volunteers
Blockade
of Cuban Ports
April 22, 1898
By
the President of the United States of America
A
Proclamation
Whereas by a joint resolution passed by the
Congress and approved April 20, 1898, and communicated to the Government of
Spain, it was demanded that said Government at once relinquish its authority
and government in the island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from
Cuba and Cuban waters, and the President of the United States was directed and
empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States and to
call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several
States to such extent as might be necessary to carry said resolution into
effect; and
Whereas in carrying into effect said
resolution the President of the United States deems it necessary to set on foot
and maintain a blockade of the north coast of Cuba, including all ports on said
coast between Cardenas and Bahia Honda, and the port of Cienfuegos, on the
south coast of Cuba:
Now, therefore, I, William McKinley,
President of the United States, in order to enforce the said resolution, do
hereby declare and proclaim that the United States of America have instituted
and will maintain a blockade of the north coast of Cuba, including ports on
said coast between Cardenas and Bahia Honda, and the port of Cienfuegos, on the
south coast of Cuba, aforesaid, in pursuance of the laws of the United States
and the law of nations applicable to such cases. An efficient force will be
posted so as to prevent the entrance and exit of vessels from the ports
aforesaid. Any neutral vessel approaching any of said ports or attempting to
leave the same without notice or knowledge of the establishment of such
blockade will be duly warned by the commander of the blockading forces, who
will indorse on her register the fact and the date of such warning, where such
indorsement was made; and if the same vessel shall again attempt to enter any
blockaded port she will be captured and sent to the nearest and convenient port
for such proceedings against her and her cargo as prize as may be deemed
advisable.
Neutral vessels lying in any of said ports at
the time of the establishment of such blockade will be allowed thirty days to
issue therefrom.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city
of Washington, this 22d day of April, A.D., 1898, and of the Independence of
the United States the one hundred and twenty-second.
WILLIAM MCKINLEY
By the President:
JOHN SHERMAN, Secretary of State
Calling For Volunteers - Spain
April 23, 1898
By the President of the United States of
America
A Proclamation
Whereas a joint resolution of Congress was
approved on the 20th day of April, 1898, entitled "Joint resolution for
the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the
Government of Spain relinquish its authority and government in the island of
Cuba and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters, and
directing the President of the United States to use the land and naval forces
of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect;" and
Whereas by an act of Congress entitled
"An act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment
of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes," approved
April 22, 1898, the President is authorized, in order to raise a volunteer army,
to issue his proclamation calling for volunteers to serve in the Army of the
United States:
Now, therefore, I, William McKinley,
President of the United States, by virtue of the power vested in me by the
Constitution and the laws, and deeming sufficient occasion to exist, have
thought fit to call forth, and hereby do call forth, volunteers to the
aggregate number of 125,000 in order to carry into effect the purpose of the
said resolution, the same. to be apportioned, as far as practicable, among the
several States and Territories and the District of Columbia according to
population and to serve for two years unless sooner discharged. The details for
this object will be immediately communicated to the proper authorities through
the War Department.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, this 23d day
of April, A.D. 1898, and of the Independence of the United States the one
hundred and twenty-second.
WILLIAM MCKINLEY
By the President:
JOHN SHERMAN, Secretary of State
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Age
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Elizabeth "Betty" Harrison Randolph (1745-1783)
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29
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Mary Williams Middleton (1741- 1761) Deceased
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n/a
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Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott (1747-1830)
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29
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Eleanor Ball Laurens (1731- 1770) Deceased
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Henry Laurens
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11/01/77 – 12/09/78
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n/a
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21
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Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
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41
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United States in Congress Assembled
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President
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Term
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Age
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Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
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42
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25
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42
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43
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Christina Stuart Griffin (1751-1807)
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36
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Constitution of 1787
First Ladies |
President
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Term
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Age
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April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797
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57
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March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
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52
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Martha Wayles Jefferson Deceased
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September 6, 1782 (Aged 33)
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n/a
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40
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March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825
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48
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March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
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50
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December 22, 1828 (aged 61)
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n/a
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February 5, 1819 (aged 35)
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n/a
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March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
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65
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April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842
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50
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23
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March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849
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41
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March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850
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60
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July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853
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52
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March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857
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46
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n/a
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n/a
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March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
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42
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February 22, 1862 – May 10, 1865
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April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
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54
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43
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March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881
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45
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March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
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48
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January 12, 1880 (Aged 43)
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n/a
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21
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56
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28
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49
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September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909
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40
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47
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March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914
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52
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December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921
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43
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March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923
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60
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August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
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44
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54
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48
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60
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56
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31
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50
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56
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56
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49
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59
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63
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45
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54
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45
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